After gaining inspiration from the natural phenomenon of wind blowing stones and dust, as well as the common sucking phenomenon in daily life, people envisioned using airflow to transport materials in pipelines. Based on this idea, as early as 1810, Medhurst in England proposed using pipelines to send mailpneumatic conveyingThe plan. Therefore, pneumatic conveying technology began with the cylindrical conveying of finished items. Decades later, pneumatic conveying began to be used for unloading bulk materials such as grains, cotton, and sand, and the first floating ship type pneumatic unloading equipment and fixed grain suction equipment appeared. After the emergence of these pneumatic unloading equipment, they were widely used and popularized in various European countries, especially in grain importing countries such as the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Germany at that time. However, due to the limited manufacturing technology at that time, there was almost no significant progress in pneumatic conveying technology for a long period of time, and the devices were designed based on the principle of low mixing ratio suspension conveying. It was not until the early 20th century that its application scope was expanded to material transportation within workshops. The systematic research on the theory and experiment of pneumatic conveying needs to be studied in the world. The additional pressure loss coefficient method proposed by him is still used in the design and calculation of pneumatic conveying. In recent decades, the application and development of pneumatic conveying technology have been exceptionally rapid. In terms of dilute phase suspension, its transport model, flow state analysis, pressure loss design calculation, composition of various components of the device and system, and operation management have all accumulated a certain level of research depth and experience. With the advancement of science and technology, the essential defects of dilute phase suspension pneumatic conveying have emerged, namely, the high conveying wind speed brings about high energy consumption, pipeline wear, material crushing, and difficulties in separating residual dust. People have tried to find new ways and develop new equipment from low conveying wind speed and high concentration. In 1962, the Federal Gattys company successfully developed a sleeve type pneumatic conveying device. In the same year, the Swiss company Buhler's foreign labor pipe type device, and in 1969, the British WarenSpring testing institute's pulse air knife pneumatic conveying device were successively introduced to the world. These remarkable research achievements have received widespread attention from countries around the world, leading to a new stage in the pneumatic conveying technology of powder particles. Subsequently, powder equipment such as the pulse type plug forming device from Nissho Corporation in Japan and the ball type equipment from Komatsu Manufacturing Company have emerged, further improving the pneumatic conveying technology. During this period, due to advances in calculation and testing techniques, as well as material technology, there have been significant improvements in the theoretical research and application techniques of dilute phase suspension transportation technology. For example, using electronic computers for data analysis, simulation calculations, and optimization design in the design and calculation process; Processing of test data; Anti jamming mechanism for wear-resistant structure, materials, feeding and unloading mechanisms of bent pipes; Exploring the applicability of device transportation from the perspective of physical properties; Using radioactive isotopes and optical fiber measurement techniques to determine material motion parameters. The determination of material motion parameters through techniques such as sexual positioning and fiber optic calibration.

    As the initial application of pneumatic conveying, the simplified conveying device has also made new developments. In 1960, two practical mail delivery pipelines with a diameter of 450mm and lengths of 1.8km and 2.2km were built in Hamburg, former Federal Republic of Germany. Due to the excitation of the conveying force by the above-mentioned device, research on the transportation technology of wheeled container pipelines has become active again in the former Soviet Union, the United States, Canada, and Japan. The pipeline with such devices in the former Soviet Union has a maximum length of 50km, and plans to build a larger mineral product transportation line with a maximum diameter of 120mm each year. The container pipeline transportation system developed by Nippon Steel Corporation has played a significant role in transporting hot lime and limestone at the Shilan Plant of Nippon Steel Corporation, with a diameter of 600mm and an annual transportation capacity of 170000. Many solutions and economic feasibility studies have been proposed for container pipeline transportation of crushed stone, urban waste, and agricultural products worldwide. It can be foreseen that simple transportation technology will be valued and developed as an important branch of fluid pipeline transportation technology.

   In recent years, pneumatic conveying technology has further developed on the basis of previous low-pressure pneumatic conveying and high-pressure pneumatic conveying technologies. For example, spraying powder into liquid metal that melts at high temperatures; The technology of spraying powdered fuel into melting furnaces and boilers; Using the principle of the grain suction machine for port grain suction and unloading, pneumatic conveying technology is applied for the suction and cleaning of high-temperature slag; Transportation technology for materials that were previously difficult to transport; The transportation technology for materials with high wear and tear, as well as the transportation technology for objects in plastic molded bodies. The most socially valued application of pneumatic conveying technology in new fields is the recycling and conveying system for garbage,

   People have referred to the above system as the 'sewer' for garbage. Due to the significant advantages of pneumatic conveying technology in environmental protection, safety, and hygiene, practical explorations have also been made in its multifunctionality in recent years.

Pneumatic conveying is a gas-solid two-phase flow. Its flow model, rheological analysis, pressure loss calculation, testing techniques, etc. have certain similarities with solid-liquid and gas-liquid two-phase flow. In order to promote the development of academic theory and technical applications, comprehensive research from the perspective of multiphase flow has recently received attention in advanced countries around the world. The research progress from two-phase flow to multiphase flow signifies technological advancement and deepening of research. The use of modern and effective advanced technologies to study multiphase flow also promotes the improvement of two-phase flow theory and application research.

      Since 1958, China has been conducting research and testing on pneumatic conveying technology in ports and applying it to ship unloading. Various forms of pneumatic conveying devices have also been developed in other industries and have been applied in production, such as flour mills that have established pneumatic conveying systems, pneumatic conveying of tobacco, and pneumatic conveying technology for sand in casting workshops. Afterwards, a large-scale grain suction machine with a production rate of 400 tons per hour and various types of grain suction machines for small and medium-sized inland ports were successfully developed, and experimental research was conducted on unloading materials with poor fluidity such as coal, sand and gravel, and fish with crushed ice. In addition, the development of pneumatic conveying in other industries in China has also been rapid. Molding materials such as molding sand, new sand, old sand, coal powder, and clay powder in casting workshops have all achieved pneumatic conveying. Especially in recent years, the development and successful application of a new generation of low wind speed high mixing ratio pneumatic conveying devices have greatly improved the level of pneumatic conveying technology in China. We have built and renovated pneumatic conveying equipment for transporting grains and other processed products in grain processing plants and grain warehouses; Pneumatic conveying equipment is also used in chemical, cement, light industry textile, food, aquatic and other sectors to transport various powder materials, making the application of pneumatic conveying technology increasingly widespread in China. In recent years, the application of cylindrical pneumatic conveying technology has also made great progress in China, for example, in the library's borrowing slip conveying system. The voucher transmission system used in the centralized management system of container terminals, as well as the metallurgical and mineral sample transmission system, are all independently designed and developed by China. In terms of theoretical research, design methods, testing techniques, and maintenance management, China's teaching, research, design, and application departments have done a lot of work and achieved many results. China has already established the Material Handling Professional Branch of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineering (now renamed as the Logistics Engineering Branch), and established the Pipeline Material Conveying Technology Professional Committee (formerly known as the Pneumatic Conveying Professional Committee). Grain and foundry industries have also been established in various industries and regionspneumatic conveyingWaiting for professional study groups, all of this will promote the application and further development of pneumatic conveying technology in China.